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be distracted by other matters while the product spoils.
There are several alternate procedures for the extraction of the
amides from ergot. They all produce roughly similar results. This is
fortunate, as it allows the acid chemist to choose the materials used
based upon availability rather than being rigidly locked into using a
certain set of materials.
The first step in the extraction Happyshamanincenseonline procedure, regardless of whether
ergot
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or seeds are being extracted, is a thorough grinding. A blender is
suitable for this job, and a coffee grinder may work as well if it gives a
fine grind. Once the crop has been ground up, it is immediately
vulnerable to attack by light and air, so as soon as it is ground it
should be wetted with the solvent chosen for use in the next step:
defatting.
Defatting is a very important step in the isolation of pure alkaloid.
The fats and oils present in the crop must be removed because if they
were left in, a tenacious emulsion would form during the extraction of
the alkaloid, and you could forget about ever getting even close to a
pure amide extract. For all practical purposes, all that would be
extracted would be garbage.
Defatting can be done with any one of several very common and
easily available solvents. For a 200 pound crop, one can count on
using at least one, and possibly two 55 gallon drums of solvent. The
defatting can be done with either hexane, petroleum ether (not ethyl
ether) mineral spirits or naphtha. The preferred procedure for small
scale extractions is to put the ground-up, solvent-soaked crop into a
burette, and then keep dripping fresh solvent onto the top of the
material until the solvent coming out at the bottom of the burette does
not leave a grease stain on filter paper when the solvent dries. This is
easily scaled up for our 200 pound crop by replacing the burette with
clean pipes about 4 inches in diameter, and about 4 feet long, with
suitable valves and filters at the bottom to prevent everything from
falling out. (See Figure 1). When all the fats have been removed from
3
Extraction And Isolation Of
The Lysergic Acid Amides
17
the crop, the best procedure is to
evaporate the remaining defatting
solvent from the crop under a
vacuum. This is not practical for
a large crop, so letting the
remainder drip out of the bed
over a period of a few hours is
called for.
With the fats removed, the
ergot alkaloids can be extracted
from the crop. Note here the
word alkaloid. This is the key to
all variations of the extraction
procedure.
There is a piperidine
nitrogen atom in the lysergic
portion of
these molecules that possesses
basic properties similar to ammonia and amines. This atom allows
the lysergic molecules to form salts with acids, and also causes the
solubility characteristics of the molecule to change depending upon
whether the molecule is in acid or basic solution. It further allows the
lysergic amides, including LSD, to form crystals from solution.
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Vermiculite
Vermiculite is cheap and readily available. Vermiculite is made from
ground up mica. It is normally used as an additive to potting soil to
make the soil hold moisture and allow roots to easily penetrate
through the soil. The easiest place to get it is a well stocked Garden
center at a local department store. If they sell several different kinds
of potting soil and fertilizer, they will probably sell vermiculite. If
they don't, be a little persistent and get some one that knows what the
stuff is and ask where you can get it.
Prices vary dramatically, but a big bag of it with several cubic feet of
vermiculite usually runs less than $10.00. Much smaller bags are
available and sell for several dollars.
If you can't find vermiculite in any of the well stocked garden centers
in your area, you can call Piedmont Pacific. They are a large supplier
of vermiculite. Their phone number is 1-770-725-6853. You can ask
them for the name of a store in your area that sells vermiculite.
(11 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
10 cc. Syringes
The most likely place to find large syringes is a feed store. Some
localities have ordinances prohibiting the sale or possession of
syringes without a prescription. If this is the case, your simply going
to have to order a spore syringe and be careful not to damage it.
Usually, a 10 or 12 cc. syringe can be purchased at a feed store for
under $1.00. If you don't have any luck at the feed store, you can try a
local pharmacy. They usually have syringes, its just a question of
convincing them to sell you a suitable one.
Back to preparing the substrate.
Back to Terrarium Construction.
table of contents.
Providing Feed Back and Getting Questions Answered
Growing mushrooms is not trivial. The proceedure used in this
document drastically simplifies the process, but even so, you may
find yourself in a situation where you need help. There are a lot of
people that know about growing mushrooms in the
alt.drugs.psychedelics and rec.drugs.psychedelic newsgroups. If you
need help, you can almost always get solid advice there.
If you have a suggestion, you can get it to the author of this document
by posting it to these same newsgroups. If you have something you
only want the author of this document to read, please encrypt it with
PGP and post it to the above newsgroups. I will see it.
table of contents.
Index of Adaptations
Adaptation-1 Using bigger culture jars
(12 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Adaptation-2 Using a pressure cooker
Adaptation-3 Slowing colonization by packing substrate
Adaptation-4 Lowering contamination risk, inoculating 1 site
Adaptation-5 Speeding colonization, using more inoculant
Adaptation-6 Speeding colonization using optimum te
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s in
this synthesis.
To that end, the lysergic acid crystals obtained by the
methods given in Chapter 5 should be dried without heating under a
vacuum for about an hour. This will remove all but the water of
crystallization, which poses no problem. The scale used to portion out
Practical LSD Manufacture
52
the ingredients for this synthesis should at least be a very sensitive
triple-beamer, and its accuracy should be checked using new
corrosion-free brass weight standards. Atmospheric humidity is a very
real threat. NaOH, KOH, and lysergic acid will all pull water from the
air.
This not only makes accurate weighing impossible, but it also
introduces water to the batch. For this reason, air conditioning or the
dry indoor
Psychotriaviridisseeds heat of winter are best during the unavoidable handling
and weighing of reagents.
Two methods will be presented here, the first being the specific
synthetic method for LSD given in example ten of US Patent
2,774,763. The other is the general method given in Journal of
Organic Chemistry Volume 24, pages 368 to 372. Both are authored by
William Garbrecht, a true hero of LSD synthesis. The patent dates from
1955, while the Journal article dates from 1958.1 leave it to the serious
experimenter to decide which is more advanced.
No doubt, both are
operable.
Patent Method
15 grams of lysergic acid is quickly weighed out, and placed in a
dried 1000 ml flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. 200 ml of
methanol is added to dissolve the acid, then the flask is stoppered while
either
colorado chronic incense 2.22 grams lithium hydroxide hydrate, or 2.09 grams sodium
hydroxide pellets or 2.94 grams KOH pellets is weighed out and
dissolved in 200 ml methanol. The use of lithium hydroxide is preferred
because it doesn't absorb water from the air, thereby messing up the
weighing. Lithium hydroxide, on the other hand, is not a very common
item, and will raise red flags that attract unwelcome attention.
NaOH and KOH, however, are very mundane items. Further, a
freshly opened bottle containing them can safely be assumed to be free
of water. Quick weighing under low humidity will not add appreciable
amounts of water to it. If the choice was mine to make, I would use
NaOH or KOH.
6 LSD From Lysergic Acid And SO3
53
The LiOH or NaOH or KOH solution is now added to the
methanol solution containing lysergic acid. After a period of stirring to
assure complete reaction to the metal salt of lysergic acid, the
solvent is distilled off under a vacuum, leaving a bubbly residue
clinging to the glass at the bottom of the flask. If the lysergic acid is
pure, such as that made by method 2
colorado chronic incense in Chapter 5, this residue will
have a glassy appearance.
No heat stronger than steam or hot water
should be used to drive the distillation.
The residue in the flask still contains traces of water and
methanol. The water comes from the reaction of the hydroxide with
the acid, and from the lithium hydroxide, if that was used. This is
removed azeotrop
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